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ImmunoStar inc rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide
Rabbit Anti Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, supplied by ImmunoStar inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rabbit+anti-vasoactive+intestinal+peptide/rabbit+anti+vasoactive+intestinal+peptide/pm39186804-334-97-102
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
90/100 stars

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Incubation:

Article Title: S-SCAM, A Rare Copy Number Variation Gene, Induces Schizophrenia-Related Endophenotypes in Transgenic Mouse Model
Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the sections were incubated with mouse anti-parvalbumin (PV; 1:1000, clone PARV-19; Sigma) and rabbit anti-NeuN antibodies (1:400; Millipore) or rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 1:200; Immunostar) overnight at 4°C.

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice.
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages
Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-CGRP (66.7 μg/ml, Sigma, #C8198).

Article Title: Fast-spiking interneuron detonation drives high-fidelity inhibition in the olfactory bulb.
Article Snippet: Free-floating 50-μm sagittal sections were then incubated in blocking solution (2% normal serum and 0.1% Triton X-100, in PB), washed, and incubated in antibody solution (2% normal serum and 0.05% Tween 20, in PB) containing combinations of the following primary antibodies: guinea pig anti-parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 004), mouse anti-synaptotagmin-2 (1:200; Zebrafish International Resource Center, znp-1), rabbit anti-TRIM-46 (1:1,000; Synaptic Systems, 377 008), rabbit anti-Lucifer Yellow (1:1,000; Thermo Fisher Scientific, A-5750), rabbit anti- PLOS Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002660 August 26, 2024 20 / 35 parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 002), rabbit anti-synaptobrevin-1 (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 104 002), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:4,000; ImmunoStar, 20077), and sheep anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (1:1,000; Millipore, AB1542).

Article Title: Postnatal development of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortical subplate of mice.
Article Snippet: The subplate (SP) plays important roles in developmental and functional events in the neocortex, such as thalamocortical and corticofugal projection, cortical oscillation generation and corticocortical connectivity.. Although accumulated evidence indicates that SP interneurons are crucial for SP function, the molecular composition of SP interneurons as well as their developmental profile and distribution remain largely unclear.. In this study, we systematically investigated dynamic development of SP thickness and chemical marker expression in SP interneurons in distinct cortical regions during the first postnatal month.

Article Title: The Germinal Zones of the Basal Ganglia But Not the Septum Generate GABAergic Interneurons for the Cortex
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were the following: rabbit anti-GFP (1:6000, Abcam); rat anti-GFP IgG2a (1:1000, Nacalai Tesque); chicken anti-GFP (1:500, Aves Labs); rabbit anti- galactosidase (1:2000, MP Biomedicals); rabbit anti-NKX2.1 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit anticalbindin (1:2000, Swant); rabbit anti-calretinin (1:2000, Swant); mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:1000, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents); rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y (1:2000, ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-somatostatin (1:200, Peninsula Laboratories), mouse anti-reelin (kindly provided by A. Goffinet, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium) (1:2000), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:500, Insight Biotechnology/ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1:2000, Insight Biotechnology), rabbit anti-collagen IV (1:200, AbD, Serotec), rat anti-PDGFRa (1:500, BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-OLIG2 (1:4000) (kind gift from C. Stiles, Duna-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and D. Rowitch, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA), mouse anti-GFAP (1:400, Sigma), mouse anti-NEUN (1:500, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents), mouse anti-S100 (1:400, Sigma), rat anti-BrdU (1:50, AdB Serotec), mouse anti-ki67 (1:1000, BD Pharmingen).

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: S-SCAM, A Rare Copy Number Variation Gene, Induces Schizophrenia-Related Endophenotypes in Transgenic Mouse Model
Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the sections were incubated with mouse anti-parvalbumin (PV; 1:1000, clone PARV-19; Sigma) and rabbit anti-NeuN antibodies (1:400; Millipore) or rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 1:200; Immunostar) overnight at 4°C.

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice.
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages
Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-CGRP (66.7 μg/ml, Sigma, #C8198).

Article Title: Fast-spiking interneuron detonation drives high-fidelity inhibition in the olfactory bulb.
Article Snippet: Free-floating 50-μm sagittal sections were then incubated in blocking solution (2% normal serum and 0.1% Triton X-100, in PB), washed, and incubated in antibody solution (2% normal serum and 0.05% Tween 20, in PB) containing combinations of the following primary antibodies: guinea pig anti-parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 004), mouse anti-synaptotagmin-2 (1:200; Zebrafish International Resource Center, znp-1), rabbit anti-TRIM-46 (1:1,000; Synaptic Systems, 377 008), rabbit anti-Lucifer Yellow (1:1,000; Thermo Fisher Scientific, A-5750), rabbit anti- PLOS Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002660 August 26, 2024 20 / 35 parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 002), rabbit anti-synaptobrevin-1 (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 104 002), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:4,000; ImmunoStar, 20077), and sheep anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (1:1,000; Millipore, AB1542).

Article Title: Postnatal development of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortical subplate of mice.
Article Snippet: The subplate (SP) plays important roles in developmental and functional events in the neocortex, such as thalamocortical and corticofugal projection, cortical oscillation generation and corticocortical connectivity.. Although accumulated evidence indicates that SP interneurons are crucial for SP function, the molecular composition of SP interneurons as well as their developmental profile and distribution remain largely unclear.. In this study, we systematically investigated dynamic development of SP thickness and chemical marker expression in SP interneurons in distinct cortical regions during the first postnatal month.

Article Title: The Germinal Zones of the Basal Ganglia But Not the Septum Generate GABAergic Interneurons for the Cortex
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were the following: rabbit anti-GFP (1:6000, Abcam); rat anti-GFP IgG2a (1:1000, Nacalai Tesque); chicken anti-GFP (1:500, Aves Labs); rabbit anti- galactosidase (1:2000, MP Biomedicals); rabbit anti-NKX2.1 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit anticalbindin (1:2000, Swant); rabbit anti-calretinin (1:2000, Swant); mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:1000, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents); rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y (1:2000, ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-somatostatin (1:200, Peninsula Laboratories), mouse anti-reelin (kindly provided by A. Goffinet, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium) (1:2000), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:500, Insight Biotechnology/ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1:2000, Insight Biotechnology), rabbit anti-collagen IV (1:200, AbD, Serotec), rat anti-PDGFRa (1:500, BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-OLIG2 (1:4000) (kind gift from C. Stiles, Duna-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and D. Rowitch, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA), mouse anti-GFAP (1:400, Sigma), mouse anti-NEUN (1:500, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents), mouse anti-S100 (1:400, Sigma), rat anti-BrdU (1:50, AdB Serotec), mouse anti-ki67 (1:1000, BD Pharmingen).

Immunofluorescence:

Article Title: S-SCAM, A Rare Copy Number Variation Gene, Induces Schizophrenia-Related Endophenotypes in Transgenic Mouse Model
Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence, the sections were incubated with mouse anti-parvalbumin (PV; 1:1000, clone PARV-19; Sigma) and rabbit anti-NeuN antibodies (1:400; Millipore) or rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 1:200; Immunostar) overnight at 4°C.

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice.
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in different combinations: rabbit anti-GFP 1/1000 (Invitrogen-Molecular Probes) and chicken anti-GFP 1/2000 (Aves Labs) to detect YFP reporter protein, rabbit anti-Parvalbumin 1/5000 (Swant), rat anti-Somatostatin 1/250 (Millipore), rabbit anti-Calretinin 1/2000 (Swant), mouse anti-Reelin 1/250 (MBL), rabbit anti-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide 1/500 (ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y 1/1500 (Immunostar), rat anti-BrdU 1/250 (Abcam).

Article Title: CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages
Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-CGRP (66.7 μg/ml, Sigma, #C8198).

Article Title: Fast-spiking interneuron detonation drives high-fidelity inhibition in the olfactory bulb.
Article Snippet: Free-floating 50-μm sagittal sections were then incubated in blocking solution (2% normal serum and 0.1% Triton X-100, in PB), washed, and incubated in antibody solution (2% normal serum and 0.05% Tween 20, in PB) containing combinations of the following primary antibodies: guinea pig anti-parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 004), mouse anti-synaptotagmin-2 (1:200; Zebrafish International Resource Center, znp-1), rabbit anti-TRIM-46 (1:1,000; Synaptic Systems, 377 008), rabbit anti-Lucifer Yellow (1:1,000; Thermo Fisher Scientific, A-5750), rabbit anti- PLOS Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002660 August 26, 2024 20 / 35 parvalbumin (1:2,000; Synaptic Systems, 195 002), rabbit anti-synaptobrevin-1 (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 104 002), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:4,000; ImmunoStar, 20077), and sheep anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (1:1,000; Millipore, AB1542).

Article Title: Postnatal development of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortical subplate of mice.
Article Snippet: The subplate (SP) plays important roles in developmental and functional events in the neocortex, such as thalamocortical and corticofugal projection, cortical oscillation generation and corticocortical connectivity.. Although accumulated evidence indicates that SP interneurons are crucial for SP function, the molecular composition of SP interneurons as well as their developmental profile and distribution remain largely unclear.. In this study, we systematically investigated dynamic development of SP thickness and chemical marker expression in SP interneurons in distinct cortical regions during the first postnatal month.

Article Title: The Germinal Zones of the Basal Ganglia But Not the Septum Generate GABAergic Interneurons for the Cortex
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were the following: rabbit anti-GFP (1:6000, Abcam); rat anti-GFP IgG2a (1:1000, Nacalai Tesque); chicken anti-GFP (1:500, Aves Labs); rabbit anti- galactosidase (1:2000, MP Biomedicals); rabbit anti-NKX2.1 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit anticalbindin (1:2000, Swant); rabbit anti-calretinin (1:2000, Swant); mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:1000, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents); rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y (1:2000, ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-somatostatin (1:200, Peninsula Laboratories), mouse anti-reelin (kindly provided by A. Goffinet, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium) (1:2000), rabbit anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (1:500, Insight Biotechnology/ImmunoStar), rabbit anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1:2000, Insight Biotechnology), rabbit anti-collagen IV (1:200, AbD, Serotec), rat anti-PDGFRa (1:500, BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-OLIG2 (1:4000) (kind gift from C. Stiles, Duna-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and D. Rowitch, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA), mouse anti-GFAP (1:400, Sigma), mouse anti-NEUN (1:500, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents), mouse anti-S100 (1:400, Sigma), rat anti-BrdU (1:50, AdB Serotec), mouse anti-ki67 (1:1000, BD Pharmingen).



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Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in mice colon during DSS colitis with sleep fragmentation. ( A ) Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of <t>VPAC1</t> and VPAC2 in colon sections. Upper part: expression of VPAC1 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC1 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right upper panel. ( A ) Lower part: expression of VPAC2 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC2 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right middle panel. Comparison of VPAC1/VPAC2 ratios by sleep fragmentation in normal and inflamed state was shown in ( B ) right lower panel. Quantification of area percentage of IHC staining by true color image analysis with the application of adjusted thresholds. ( C ) Western blot analysis of VPAC2 and β-actin (loading control) in colon homogenates. Right graph indicates quantification relative to β-actin. * Stands for a result of five groups comparison (represented by bold line segments with endpoints) The uncropped western blot figures were presented in . The densitometry readings/intensity ratio of VPAC2 in western blots in DSS-colitis mice with sleep fragmentation were presented in . ✠, ✟, #, $, & and € represent the results of control group versus DSS group, DSS group versus DSS + SF group, DSS + SF group versus DSS + SF + EA group, control group versus DSS + SF group, control group versus DSS + SF + EA group, and control group versus SF group, respectively (represented as a thin line without endpoints).*, ✠, ✟, #, $, &, €, p < 0.05; **, ✠✠, ✟✟, ##, $$, &&, €€ p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significance. Data were presented as mean ± SEM of repeated adjusted thresholds in each group. VPAC1, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) <t>type</t> <t>1</t> receptor; VPAC2, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 2 receptor; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; SF, sleep fragmentation; EA, electroacupuncture.
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Image Search Results


Journal: iScience

Article Title: Ventral hippocampal cholecystokinin interneurons gate contextual reward memory

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108824

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: For immunostaining, free-floating brain sections were blocked with 5% normal donkey serum in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS (PBS-T) for 2 h. Sections were then incubated for 48–72 h at 4°C with PBS-T containing a combination of the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-CCK-8 (1:1000, Sigma Millipore, C2581, rabbit anti-proCCK (Frontier Institute, Af350), rabbit polyclonal anti-GABA (1:1000, Sigma Millipore, A2052), rabbit polyclonal anti-PV antibody (1:1000, Abcam, ab11427), rabbit polyclonal anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (1:500, Immunostar, 20077), rat polyclonal anti-somatostatin (1:500, Millipore, MAB354), rabbit polyclonal anti-cFos (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), chicken polyclonal anti-GFP (1:1000, Abcam, ab13970), and goat polyclonal anti-mCherry (1:1000, Sicgen, AB0040-200).

Techniques: Virus, Plasmid Preparation, Recombinant, Software

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in mice colon during DSS colitis with sleep fragmentation. ( A ) Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of VPAC1 and VPAC2 in colon sections. Upper part: expression of VPAC1 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC1 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right upper panel. ( A ) Lower part: expression of VPAC2 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC2 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right middle panel. Comparison of VPAC1/VPAC2 ratios by sleep fragmentation in normal and inflamed state was shown in ( B ) right lower panel. Quantification of area percentage of IHC staining by true color image analysis with the application of adjusted thresholds. ( C ) Western blot analysis of VPAC2 and β-actin (loading control) in colon homogenates. Right graph indicates quantification relative to β-actin. * Stands for a result of five groups comparison (represented by bold line segments with endpoints) The uncropped western blot figures were presented in . The densitometry readings/intensity ratio of VPAC2 in western blots in DSS-colitis mice with sleep fragmentation were presented in . ✠, ✟, #, $, & and € represent the results of control group versus DSS group, DSS group versus DSS + SF group, DSS + SF group versus DSS + SF + EA group, control group versus DSS + SF group, control group versus DSS + SF + EA group, and control group versus SF group, respectively (represented as a thin line without endpoints).*, ✠, ✟, #, $, &, €, p < 0.05; **, ✠✠, ✟✟, ##, $$, &&, €€ p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significance. Data were presented as mean ± SEM of repeated adjusted thresholds in each group. VPAC1, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 1 receptor; VPAC2, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 2 receptor; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; SF, sleep fragmentation; EA, electroacupuncture.

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Upregulations of VPAC2 and Intestinal Tight Junctions Correlate with Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Electroacupuncture in Colitis Mice with Sleep Fragmentation

doi: 10.3390/biology11070962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in mice colon during DSS colitis with sleep fragmentation. ( A ) Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of VPAC1 and VPAC2 in colon sections. Upper part: expression of VPAC1 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC1 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right upper panel. ( A ) Lower part: expression of VPAC2 in colon tissue of different groups at 200× & 400× magnification. Comparison of the VPAC2 in five groups was shown in ( B ) right middle panel. Comparison of VPAC1/VPAC2 ratios by sleep fragmentation in normal and inflamed state was shown in ( B ) right lower panel. Quantification of area percentage of IHC staining by true color image analysis with the application of adjusted thresholds. ( C ) Western blot analysis of VPAC2 and β-actin (loading control) in colon homogenates. Right graph indicates quantification relative to β-actin. * Stands for a result of five groups comparison (represented by bold line segments with endpoints) The uncropped western blot figures were presented in . The densitometry readings/intensity ratio of VPAC2 in western blots in DSS-colitis mice with sleep fragmentation were presented in . ✠, ✟, #, $, & and € represent the results of control group versus DSS group, DSS group versus DSS + SF group, DSS + SF group versus DSS + SF + EA group, control group versus DSS + SF group, control group versus DSS + SF + EA group, and control group versus SF group, respectively (represented as a thin line without endpoints).*, ✠, ✟, #, $, &, €, p < 0.05; **, ✠✠, ✟✟, ##, $$, &&, €€ p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significance. Data were presented as mean ± SEM of repeated adjusted thresholds in each group. VPAC1, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 1 receptor; VPAC2, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 2 receptor; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; SF, sleep fragmentation; EA, electroacupuncture.

Article Snippet: In addition, the role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 1 receptor (VIPR1/VPAC1, CSB-PA052529, Cusabio, Houston, TX, USA) and type 2 receptor (VIPR2/VPAC2, A03768, Boster, Pleasanton, CA, USA) under EA were clarified by immunohistochemical staining.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Western Blot